Hand ball valves are a type of valve that emerged in the 1950s and have developed into a major category of valves over the past half-century. Ball valves are primarily used to cut off or connect the medium; they can also be used for fluid regulation and control. V-type ball valves can perform relatively precise flow regulation and control, while three-way ball valves are used to distribute the medium and change the direction of the medium flow. Hand ball valves are named based on their driving mode, which involves turning a handwheel or handle.
Hand ball valves are mainly used in pipelines to cut off, distribute, and change the flow direction of the medium. Ball valves are a newly adopted type of valve in recent years, offering the following advantages:
Low fluid resistance, with resistance coefficients equal to those of pipes of the same length.
Simple structure, small size, and lightweight.
Tight and reliable. The sealing material of ball valves widely uses plastic, providing good sealing. They are also widely used in vacuum systems.
Easy to operate, quick to open and close. It only requires a 90° rotation from fully open to fully closed, making remote control convenient.
Easy maintenance. Ball valves have a simple structure; the sealing ring is usually movable, making it convenient to disassemble and replace.
When fully open or closed, the sealing surfaces of the ball and seat are isolated from the medium. As a result, the medium does not cause erosion of the valve's sealing surfaces.
Wide application range, with diameters ranging from a few millimeters to several meters. Suitable for high vacuum to high pressure applications. When the ball rotates 90 degrees, its spherical surface at the inlet and outlet completely cuts off the flow.
The working principle of hand ball valves is to make the valve unblocked or blocked by rotating the valve core. Ball valves are easy to open and close, small in size, and can be made with large diameters. They provide reliable sealing, have a simple structure, are easy to maintain, and the sealing surface and ball surface are often in a closed state, making it difficult for the medium to erode them. This makes ball valves widely used in various industries.
The working principle is as follows:
Opening Process
1. In the closed position, the ball is pressed tightly against the seat by mechanical pressure exerted by the valve stem.
2. When the handwheel is turned counterclockwise, the valve stem moves in the opposite direction, causing the bottom angled plane to disengage the ball from the seat.
3. The valve stem continues to rise and interacts with the guide pin in the stem's spiral groove, causing the ball to start rotating without friction.
4. Until the fully open position, the valve stem lifts to the limit position, and the ball rotates to the fully open position.
Closing Process
1. When closing, turn the handwheel clockwise. The valve stem begins to descend and causes the ball to rotate, starting to disengage from the seat.
2. Continue turning the handwheel. The valve stem is acted upon by the guide pin embedded in its spiral groove, causing the valve stem and the ball to simultaneously rotate 90 degrees.
3. Close to the closing position, the ball completes a 90-degree rotation without contact with the seat.
4. In the last few turns of the handwheel, the angled plane at the bottom of the valve stem mechanically wedges the ball tightly into the seat, achieving complete sealing.
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